Bill Gates is to lend the British Library a rare Leonardo da Vinci notebook he bought for more than $30m in 1994 that was for centuries owned by an English aristocratic family.

The loan means the notebook, the Codex Leicester, can be shown alongside two other British-owned Leonardo notebooks in the UK for the first time.

Roly Keating, the library’s chief executive, said it would be “a remarkable coming together” of “three extraordinary and very famous” documents.

The summer show, exploring how Leonardo believed motion was at the centre of everything, will be one of many events across the world in 2019 marking the 500th anniversary of the artist’s death.

At the core of the British Library show will be the display of the Microsoft founder’s Codex Leicester, alongside the Codex Forster, owned by the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A), and the Codex Arundel, owned by the British Library. All of them are written in Leonardo’s mirror script and shine light on how ahead of his time he was.

Before Gates, the Codex Leicester was owned by the American oil tycoon Armand Hammer, who purchased it in 1980. Before that it was in Britain, passed down through the Leicester family after Thomas Coke, later the Earl of Leicester, bought it on his grand tour of the European continent in 1719.

About a third of the notebook has writings and drawings that relate to water, with Leonardo speculating on the outcomes when different-shaped objects are thrown into water.

It also includes a discussion on submarine warfare in which he describes how it might be possible to extend the time a person can stay under water and how that might have possible military uses

The Codex Arundel is the world’s second-biggest compilation of Leonardo pages and features everything from treatises on mechanics and bird flight to drawings of underwater breathing apparatus, as well as riddles, prophecies and notes for himself.

Andrea Clarke, the exhibition’s lead curator, said the notebooks showed just how dynamic a thinker Leonardo was and how he made a multitude of connections between phenomena and disciplines.

It will be the first time the notebook has been seen in the UK since Gates bought it. A plan to loan it to the V&A in 2006 foundered because of a disagreement over security arrangements.

The library announced the exhibition as part of a 2019 programme that includes a show exploring Buddhism, opening in October, and an exhibition opening in April about the act of writing itself, which will feature exhibits including a wax tablet with the homework of an Egyptian child dating from 2AD.

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