{"id":8996,"date":"2018-08-02T05:42:51","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T05:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/?p=8996"},"modified":"2018-08-02T05:43:34","modified_gmt":"2018-08-02T05:43:34","slug":"2820182","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/2820182\/","title":{"rendered":"Chile\u2019s rock art llamas divulge secrets of ancient desert culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-highlight\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conservationists working in Chile\u2019s Atacama Desert want UNESCO to recognize the Taira Valley drawings as a heritage site so they can develop sustainable tourism in the region<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">First rediscovered by Swedish archaeologist Stig Ryden in 1944, the Taira rock art is between 2,400 and 2,800 years old<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry-content\" data-io-article-url=\"http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1348506\/art-culture\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ATACAMA, Chile: Open air rock paintings in the world\u2019s driest desert pay testament to the importance of the llama to millennia-old cultures that traversed the inhospitable terrain.<br \/>\nConservationists working in Chile\u2019s Atacama Desert want UNESCO to recognize the Taira Valley drawings as a heritage site so they can develop sustainable tourism in the region.<br \/>\nTaira is \u201ca celebration of life,\u201d said archaeologist Jose Bereguer, describing the site as \u201cthe most complex in South America\u201d because of its astronomical importance as well as the significance to local shepherds.<br \/>\nThe rock art was a \u201cshepherd\u2019s rite\u201d needed to ask the \u201cdeities that governed the skies and the earth\u201d to increase their llama flocks.<br \/>\nFirst rediscovered by Swedish archaeologist Stig Ryden in 1944, the Taira rock art is between 2,400 and 2,800 years old.<br \/>\nIt is made up of a gallery of 16 paintings more than 3,000 meters (9,842 feet) above sea level on the banks of the Loa River that traverses the desert.<br \/>\nThe jewel in the crown are the Alero Taira drawings some 30 meters from the Loa in a natural shelter, in which the importance of the llama becomes abundantly clear.<br \/>\nNot just the principal source of wealth for desert dwellers over thousands of years, the llama has been used in ritual ceremonies throughout the Andes for just as long, such as in the \u201cWilancha,\u201d or sacrifice to \u201cPacha Mama,\u201d or Mother Earth.<br \/>\n\u201cNo one can understand the things done 18,000 years ago because the cultures that did them have disappeared,\u201d said Berenguer, curator at Santiago\u2019s Museum of Pre-Columbian Art.<br \/>\n\u201cHere, it\u2019s possible to delve into the meaning because we have ethnography and because there are still people living in practically the same way as in the past.\u201d<br \/>\nAccording to Rumualda Galleguillos, one of around 15 indigenous people still raising llamas in the Atacama Desert like their ancestors, these pictures are a \u201ctestament\u201d to forefathers who could neither read nor write.<br \/>\nAround 90 percent of the engravings, painted mainly in red but also ochre yellow and white, depict llamas of various sizes, some pregnant, others suckling their young.<br \/>\nBut the remaining 10 percent depict the desert\u2019s diversity, such as foxes, snakes, ostriches, partridges and dogs.<br \/>\nThe few human figures that appear are tiny, as if those painting them \u201cwanted to go unnoticed in front of the greatness of animals that were so important to their economy,\u201d said Berenguer.<br \/>\nWhat the paintings also demonstrate is that 2,500 years ago, people were already studying the stars in an area that has more recently become the astronomy capital of the world with some of the most powerful telescopes ever built.<br \/>\nA book written in conjunction with the Atacama observatory called \u201cThe Universe of our Grandparents,\u201d claims that the ancient inhabitants of this area studied the stars to help learn how to domesticate the inhospitable desert and survive its dangers.<br \/>\nIn this vision, the universe is made up of the skies and Earth as one whole, with the skies forming the horizon of life. What is seen in the skies is a reflection of what there is on Earth.<br \/>\nUnlike the Greeks, though, ancient Atacama astrologists didn\u2019t see Orion, Gemini or Cancer.<br \/>\nThey saw llamas, their eyes, corrals, a loaded slingshot and a shepherd standing with his legs spread wide and arms in the air, worrying about foxes, said Silvia Lisoni, a professor of history and amateur astronomer.<br \/>\nTaira is located on an axis that aligns the sacred Sirawe \u201csandy eye\u201d quicksand from where locals would pray for rain, the San Pedro volcano, the Colorado hill, and the Cuestecilla pampas, another sacred spot.<br \/>\nVolcanoes, like springs, were considered deities by the Atacama natives, while llamas were thought to have been born of springs.<br \/>\nThe Alero Taira is positioned so that it is completely illuminated by the sun on both the winter and summer solstices.<br \/>\n\u201cThere\u2019s evidence that this site was built here for specific reasons,\u201d said Berenguer.<br \/>\nTaira is not the oldest example of rock art in this part of Chile, though. To the north in the copper mining Antofagasta region lies Kalina, around 1,000-1,200 years older than Taira, and Milla.<br \/>\nThis style of art has been found also in the Puna de Atacama plateau in neighboring Argentina, but Taira \u201chas few equals in terms of beauty and complexity,\u201d said Berenguer.<br \/>\nOne day, he hopes that Taira will be afforded UNESCO World Heritage Site status like the rock art in the Cave of Altamira in Spain or France\u2019s Lascaux caves.<\/p>\n<p>www.arabnews.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conservationists working in Chile\u2019s Atacama Desert want UNESCO to recognize the Taira Valley drawings as a heritage site so they can develop sustainable tourism in the region First rediscovered by Swedish archaeologist Stig Ryden in 1944, the Taira rock art is between 2,400 and 2,800 years old ATACAMA, Chile: Open air rock paintings in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div style='clear:both'><\/div><div  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