{"id":12910,"date":"2019-02-28T11:08:14","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T07:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/?p=12910"},"modified":"2019-02-28T11:09:16","modified_gmt":"2019-02-28T07:09:16","slug":"2822019-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/2822019-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Translation through the ages: from ancient script to \u2018Harry Potter\u2019 via Tolkien"},"content":{"rendered":"

A new exhibit on the history of translation at Oxford includes a 16th-century\u00a0Quran\u00a0that once belonged to Tipu Sultan and a 1354 copy of the Kalila wa-Dimna<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u00a0die. That may be the meaning of life,\u201d said Toni Morrison in her Nobel Lecture in 1993. \u201cBut we\u00a0do\u00a0language. That may be the measure of our lives.\u201d<\/p>\n

Language shapes us, gives us identity, personality, and a sense of belonging. And there are quite a few languages to \u201cdo\u201d. In his recent book\u00a0Babel: Around the World in Twenty Languages<\/em>, Dutch linguist and polyglot Gaston Dorren notes that there can never be a definitive total of languages spoken because most of them have never been standardised. \u201cCounting the world\u2019s languages is as difficult as counting colours,\u201d he declares.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

That said, 6,000 is the standard estimate, which works out as an average of one language for every 1.25 million people \u2013 a veritable babel of voices diversifying and amplifying our modern world.<\/p>\n

At the Bodleian Libraries in Oxford in the UK, a fascinating new exhibition has opened that explores the power of translation and its ability to bridge linguistic divides. As co-curator Matthew Reynolds explains, \u201ctranslation is the crucial go-between in our Babelic world, mitigating the curse-like elements of Babel, and enabling its blessings to bloom\u201d.<\/p>\n

Babel: Adventures in Translation, presents a wide range of objects and manuscripts from the Bodleian\u2019s vaults which, collectively, illustrate how concepts, values, beliefs and stories have travelled via translation through time and across boundaries, enlarging our understanding and enriching our culture.<\/p>\n

Inside the exhibition<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fittingly, on arrival, the visitor is immediately welcomed\u00a0by the famous image of the Tower of Babel from the book\u00a0Turris Babel<\/em>\u00a0(1679) by German Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. Fine-lined and multi-detailed, it depicts a feverishly busy work in progress. But the summit, though incomplete, also looks damaged, or torn off, suggesting not construction but destruction.<\/p>\n

From here we move on to a selection of early dictionaries: a seminal Latin-English dictionary from 1538; the first \u00adsingle-language English dictionary\u00a0(Table Alphabeticall<\/em>)\u00a0from 1604, with its definitions of \u201chard English wordes\u201d; and the delightful \u201ccanting dictionary\u201d from 1673, a user\u2019s guide to criminal slang, which includes terms such as \u201cprigg\u201d for thief, \u201cbelly-cheat\u201d for apron, and \u201cbite the roger\u201d for steal the portmanteau.<\/p>\n

A section on lost and found languages introduces two artefacts discovered in Crete during a series of archaeological digs in the 1890s. Both date from the second millennium BC, and both feature different writing systems. One is a segment of clay tablet bearing a script termed Linear B, which was decoded in the 1950s and revealed as an early form of Greek. The other is a 3,500-year-old bowl, the script on which, Linear A, has yet to be deciphered. We are brought so close to it and yet it remains out of reach.<\/p>\n

How stories are told in different languages<\/strong><\/h2>\n

In contrast, in the section on classic children\u2019s stories, we see how some writing has been successfully translated and made accessible to all. A spotlight is thrown on one of the best-loved tales, that of Cinderella. Through drawings, pictures, books, theatre programmes and even a glass slipper, we follow the history of the story, from Charles Perrault\u2019s moralistic French version\u00a0Cendrillon<\/em>,\u00a0to the Grimm Brothers\u2019 more violent interpretation\u00a0Aschenputtel<\/em>, and then on to its development in other media such as pantomime and film.<\/p>\n

A display of\u00a0Harry Potter<\/em>\u00a0books in various languages (including Latin, Ancient Greek and Braille \u2013 just three of the 75 available) shows how translation has played a vital role in the boy wizard\u2019s global domination. But rendering an author\u2019s brand of fantasy and magic into another language can be a challenge, particularly when invented languages are involved.<\/p>\n

A copy of Lewis Carroll\u2019s\u00a0Through the Looking-Glass<\/em>\u00a0lies open at the nonsense poem \u201cJabberwocky\u201d. Not only do Alice and the reader have to make sense of words such as \u201cbrillig\u201d, \u201cfrumious\u201d and \u201cmanxome\u201d but translators have to utilise their creativity to conjure up equivalents. Among the other written works exhibited are translations and retellings of\u00a0Aesop\u2019s Fables<\/em>,\u00a0Euclid\u2019s Elements<\/em>, and Homer\u2019s\u00a0Odyssey<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Iliad<\/em>\u00a0(including the so-called\u00a0Hawara Homer<\/em>, a second-century papyrus roll unearthed in Egypt).<\/p>\n

Elsewhere, a section showcases the languages of the British Isles through a number of texts, from Welsh myths and legends, to Scottish dictionaries, Cornish mystery plays and Irish medieval histories. All serve as a reminder that despite the preponderance of English, the British Isles have never been monolingual.<\/p>\n

There are several standout exhibits.\u00a0The Codex Mendoza<\/em>, one of the Bodleian\u2019s bona fide treasures, is a manuscript composed of colourful, almost cartoonish picture-writing that was created for the Spanish imperial authorities in Mexico in 1541. \u201cThis Babelic text gives a vivid impression of the sort of cultural knowledge that it was felt useful for the imperial rulers to have,\u201d curator Reynolds says.<\/p>\n

Equally vibrant is the 1354 copy of the\u00a0Kalila wa-Dimna<\/em>, the influential Arabic version of the\u00a0Sanskrit Panchatantra<\/em>, a collection of animal fables. One beautiful illustration doubles as a succinct cautionary tale: a greedy, opportunistic jackal approaches a pair of fighting rams but gets too close for comfort.<\/p>\n

Most resplendent of all is a sixteenth-century Quran that once belonged to Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore in southern India. It is exquisitely intricate, a sumptuous fusion of words and designs. \u201cWoven into the complicated pattern is the verse of the Quran, which asserts its inimitability,\u201d explains Reynolds. And, for many, its untranslatability.<\/p>\n

Babel: Adventures in Translation manages to be both edifying and entertaining. Even the smaller, seemingly insignificant curios pique our interest or prompt a smile: an unpublished notebook containing J R R Tolkien\u2019s first forays into invented languages; a crash course in urban sign language; a 1950s computer program that generated love letters; plus Franglais sketches, Esperanto newspapers and bilingual road signs. A final, more sobering section abandons the past and the present and looks a hundred millennia into the future to ask how we might intelligibly warn our distant descendents about the locations of buried nuclear waste.<\/p>\n

Whether our languages will last in tomorrow\u2019s world is anyone\u2019s guess. For now, in these disjointed post-truth times, this is a welcome exhibition that celebrates shared understanding.<\/p>\n

Babel: Adventures in Translation is on show at the Bodleian Libraries in Oxford until June 2. For more information visit<\/em><\/p>\n

www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk`<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

www.thenational.ae<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A new exhibit on the history of translation at Oxford includes a 16th-century\u00a0Quran\u00a0that once belonged to Tipu Sultan and a 1354 copy of the Kalila wa-Dimna \u201cWe\u00a0die. That may be the meaning of life,\u201d said Toni Morrison in her Nobel Lecture in 1993. \u201cBut we\u00a0do\u00a0language. That may be the measure of our lives.\u201d Language shapes […]<\/p>\n

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That may be the meaning of life,\u201d said Toni Morrison in her Nobel Lecture in 1993. \u201cBut we\u00a0do\u00a0language. That may be the measure of our lives.\u201d Language shapes […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/2822019-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/alowaiscf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-28T07:08:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-02-28T07:09:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/2822019-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"412\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"262\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"feras\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@alowaiscf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@alowaiscf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"feras\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"feras\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6cdac74a21e30af65435d66569665142\"},\"headline\":\"Translation through the ages: from ancient script to \u2018Harry Potter\u2019 via Tolkien\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-28T07:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-28T07:09:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1076,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/02\\\/2822019-2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"cultural news\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.alowais.com\\\/en\\\/2822019-3\\\/\",\"name\":\"Translation through the ages: from ancient script to \u2018Harry Potter\u2019 via Tolkien - 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That may be the meaning of life,\u201d said Toni Morrison in her Nobel Lecture in 1993. \u201cBut we\u00a0do\u00a0language. 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