{"id":11815,"date":"2018-12-19T10:03:15","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T06:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/?p=11815"},"modified":"2018-12-19T10:03:15","modified_gmt":"2018-12-19T06:03:15","slug":"19122018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/19122018\/","title":{"rendered":"Belgium&#8217;s Africa museum: a fitting tribute or a testament to colonialism?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-content side-padding\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>The Royal Museum for Central Africa has just reopened after a renovation. But does it properly serve the growing African community in Belgium?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row gray-strip social-sharing side-padding marginbottom-15\">\n<div class=\"article-info\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Something had to be done about Belgium\u2019s Royal Museum for Central Africa. Its palatial premises built by King Leopold II at the end of the 19th century were filled with dusty stuffed animals and art objects \u201ccollected\u201d during military campaigns or by explorers and missionaries. Its permanent exhibition hadn\u2019t changed since the 1950s and it had been given the shameful moniker of the \u201clast colonial museum in the world\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Five years after closing down for a \u20ac74 million (Dh307.2m) renovation, and almost two decades after the idea of decolonisation was first mooted, the museum, which is located just outside Brussels, reopened last Sunday with a reorganised permanent exhibition that takes a far more critical view of Belgium\u2019s colonial project.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cColonialism as a system of \u00adgovernance is based on military occupation, authoritarian and racist rule and on exploitation of a country,\u201d says Guido Gryseels, the museum\u2019s general director, during a tour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">In practice, the museum has shifted from being \u201can exhibition of dead objects in an Africa without history and human beings, to a living \u00adexhibition on contemporary Africa\u201d, according to the permanent \u00adcollection\u2019s chief curator Bambi Ceuppens. Exhibits are brought to life through\u00a0the testimonials of Africans (or people of African descent) and the interactive items can now be touched, as well. Interspersed among the displays are colourful and often political artworks by contemporary African artists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Themes covered in the renewed spaces include rituals and ceremonies; landscapes and biodiversity; languages and music; and the resource paradox.\u00a0There is also a room dedicated to the African diaspora, with films, books and documents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The animals are still there, but presented within the recreated biomes of central Africa, while photography and films show the role agriculture, fishery, climate change and nature conservation play in the region. Long gone are the days of dioramas and \u201cportraying Africa as if no people live there\u201d, says Tine Huyse, curator of this section. Importantly, there is a room on Congo\u2019s long history that covers the periods before colonialism and after independence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&#8216;We don\u2019t want to erase history&#8217;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">There\u2019s nothing to be done about the building, however. It remains a listed monument extolling the glories of colonialism with hall after hall filled with maps of colonial gains and triumphant inscriptions of\u00a0achievements that can\u2019t be taken down or removed. In recognition of its overbearing presence, visitors now enter the museum via a glazed contemporary pavilion by Belgian architect Stephane Beel and walk through an introductory area that explains how the institution\u2019s objects were obtained, many \u201ccaptured in violent clashes\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">It is here that you also find a space titled \u201cSidelined\u201d, where a collection of colonial statues from the museum\u2019s former exhibits are displayed in haphazard style as if in storage. These include the particularly egregious early 20th century sculpture by Paul Wissaert, featuring a masked African man wearing a leopard skin about to attack another man asleep on the ground. On the wall is a 2002 painting by popular Congolese artist Cheri Samba, which depicts a group of Africans pulling the \u201cLeopard Man\u201d statue down the steps and out of the museum, while its white\u00a0staff are trying to pull it back inside. It\u2019s a humorous take on a difficult issue and, juxtaposed with the jumble of \u00adoffensive sculptures, it\u2019s a powerful and self-critical statement of intent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">This room came about in part on the advice of a group of African diaspora experts who worked with the museum, and is headed by Congo-born Billy Kalonji, who says that if the statues were disposed of\u00a0entirely, there would have been a \u201crevolution\u201d. Kalonji hopes that one day, they will be removed completely, but in the meantime, he believes: \u201cIf the public is made to understand what happened and what we are fighting for, then they will support us. We don\u2019t want to erase history.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&#8216;I didn\u2019t want to play the politics of victimhood&#8217;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Elsewhere, the revamped Africa museum, as it is now known, tries to contextualise, clarify and counter the building\u2019s loaded historic colonial messaging with texts or artworks by African artists. So in the Great Rotunda, which used to have a bust of Leopold II at its heart and is still clad in marble and surrounded by gilded statues that represent Belgians as benefactors with plaques reading \u201cBelgium bringing civilisation to the Congo\u201d, there is now a large-scale timber head of an African man made by Congolese artist Aime\u00a0Mpane out of chiselled wood. \u201cThe idea is that when you arrive, you see the profile of the figure and are seduced by its form and material and everything else becomes secondary,\u201d he explains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The act of putting an African at the heart of this deeply symbolic space is quietly subversive no doubt, but like many of the new additions, it was not without controversy. \u201cAt times, there was so much tension, I could have said\u00a0I didn\u2019t want to do it anymore,\u201d says Mpane. \u201cBut I didn\u2019t want to play the politics of victimhood,\u00a0and complain but then do nothing.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The African diaspora committee of experts has also tried to evolve over time and move from being a consultative entity to a more effective and permanent participant in the museum\u2019s decision-making process. This has been met with resistance, Kalonji says openly. \u201cAt times, we have [people] say:\u00a0\u2018is this just a box-ticking exercise, or is it a serious endeavour?\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The negotiations between the museum and African committee are ongoing, but momentum is arguably on the latter\u2019s side. This year has seen one of Brussels\u2019 municipalities elect its first African mayor, and a new square dedicated to the first democratically elected prime minister of independent Congo, Patrice Lumumba, who was murdered a few months after getting into power, was inaugurated in Brussels this summer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&#8216;It\u2019s impossible to change everything at once&#8217;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Some African and Belgian activists also say the museum hasn\u2019t gone far enough, that the only solution is to abandon the building and give back the collection. Certainly the memorial gallery is a disappointment and missed opportunity. Walls inscribed with the 1,508 names of Belgian soldiers who died in the Congo have been countered with the names on the windows opposite of some of the Congolese killed in Belgium during the notorious \u201chuman zoo\u201d exhibits at Belgium\u2019s world expos. When the sun shines on the windows, the Congolese names are projected below the Belgian ones. It\u2019s a nice idea, but it doesn\u2019t do justice to the\u00a0brutality of Leopold\u2019s private army and the millions of Congolese lives lost\u00a0due to forced labour, starvation, fighting and disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The museum staff say the decolonisation process is just beginning, and that they are also working with Belgium\u2019s Ministry of Education to ensure colonialism is taught properly in schools. Nevertheless, the institution is sure to face many more controversies down the line, not least demands for restitution of looted objects, one made just last week by the current Democratic Republic of Congo president, Joseph Kabila. The Congolese haven\u2019t had \u201cthe capacity\u201d until now to present and store work says Gryseels, but this is set to change with a new national museum planned to open late next year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Senegal has also just opened its monumental US$30m (Dh110.1m) Museum of Black Civilizations, which opened in Dakar, thanks to major funding from China \u2013 seen internationally as a major campaign for Africa to reclaim its art.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">www.thenational.ae<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Royal Museum for Central Africa has just reopened after a renovation. But does it properly serve the growing African community in Belgium? Something had to be done about Belgium\u2019s Royal Museum for Central Africa. Its palatial premises built by King Leopold II at the end of the 19th century were filled with dusty stuffed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div style='clear:both'><\/div><div  class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_horizontal_sharing' data-super-socializer-href=\"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/19122018\/\"><div class='the_champ_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" ><\/div><div class=\"the_champ_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"the_champ_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F2SahxFw\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\"><span class=\"the_champ_svg\" style=\"background-color:#0765FE;width:50px;height:50px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 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This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Belgium&#039;s Africa museum: a fitting tribute or a testament to colonialism? - \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alowais.com\/en\/19122018\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Belgium&#039;s Africa museum: a fitting tribute or a testament to colonialism? - \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Royal Museum for Central Africa has just reopened after a renovation. But does it properly serve the growing African community in Belgium? Something had to be done about Belgium\u2019s Royal Museum for Central Africa. 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